Lichtenberg Figures

Learning Intentions

  • To learn why water expands as it freezes
  • To learn how to prevent some of the negative effects of freezing water

Media

Water is an interesting substance, as it expands as it boils, but also expands as it freezes. This occurs because water forms a hexagonal structure when it freezes.

This can cause problems when the water in the pipes of a house freezes.

As you watch the following videos, try to think about the scientific explanation for what is happening.

Burst Water Pipe (0:10)

r/vancouver – Frozen pipe burst in our basement suite

Simulation: Three Phase Equilibrium

Notice how pressure affects the boiling temperature of water.

-19 Degree Fahrenheit Exploding Pop Fail (3:08)

Discussion Questions

  1. What can you do to prevent pipes from freezing?
  2. Have you ever encountered a problem caused by freezing pipes?
  3. Have you ever encountered a problem caused by water expanding as it freezes?

Related Video

Hexagons are the Bestagons (9:26)